Setting up a business in Switzerland, capital transfer and VAT

Setting up a business in Switzerland: LLC, Ltd, or Sole Trader

Want to launch your business in Switzerland? Discover domiciliation rules, how to optimize the transfer of your share capital, and billing obligations (VAT and AHV) for small turnovers.

Clock icon Reading time: 10 minutes | Updated: March 2026

By Brice DELHOME

Essentials for Founders

Switzerland offers an extremely attractive economic framework, but responds to strict rules. If you create an LLC (GmbH/Sàrl) or a Ltd (AG/SA), you must appoint a representative domiciled in Switzerland and block a starting capital on a capital payment account. If you wish to test your activity without a legal structure, you can invoice in your own name, but you must imperatively have your independent status validated by the AHV Compensation Office. Finally, if your turnover remains modest (under 100,000 CHF), you benefit from VAT exemption.

Table of Contents

  1. The alternative: Invoicing in your own name and AHV registration
  2. LLC and Ltd: Rules for non-resident partners
  3. Capital transfer and the capital payment account
  4. Invoicing and VAT: Rules for SMEs and sole traders

1. The alternative: Invoicing in your own name (Sole Trader) and AHV registration

Many entrepreneurs wonder if it is absolutely mandatory to found a capital company (LLC or Ltd) to start issuing invoices. The answer is no. You can operate as a Sole Proprietorship (independent worker status).

The threshold for Commercial Register registration

One of the advantages of Switzerland lies in its initial administrative flexibility. If you carry out a commercial activity in your own name and your gross annual turnover is under 100,000 CHF, registration in the Commercial Register is not mandatory (although recommended to reassure business clients).

The real judge: The AHV Compensation Office

This is where many founders (especially foreigners) make a costly mistake. In Switzerland, you cannot just decide to issue invoices randomly. For your income to be legal and not considered undeclared work, you must have your independent status recognized by the AHV (OASI) compensation office of your canton.

The Swiss independent status is not a free choice; it is recognized a posteriori. The AHV office will analyze your real economic situation. To be recognized as independent, you must prove that:

  • You act in your own name and on your own account.
  • You bear the economic risk of the business (investments, equipment).
  • You have several distinct clients (to avoid disguised employment).

Once recognized, you will have to pay your AHV social contributions (around 10 percent of your net profit) directly to the office.

What about non-residents? A cross-border worker can perfectly be independent in Switzerland in their own name. They will need to prove the existence of a premises or a professional address in Switzerland, affiliate with the AHV, and request a specific G permit (cross-border) with independent status.

2. LLC (GmbH) and Ltd (AG): Legal rules for non-resident partners

If you want to protect your personal assets or welcome investors, setting up a Limited Liability Company (LLC/GmbH/Sàrl) or a Public Limited Company (Ltd/AG/SA) is essential.

One of Switzerland's greatest assets is its openness to international capital. It is not necessary to be of Swiss nationality, nor even to reside in Switzerland, to hold shares in a Swiss company. A foreign citizen residing abroad can perfectly hold the entire share capital.

The representation obligation (Management)

However, the Swiss Code of Obligations imposes a strict rule concerning the operational management of the company:

  • For an LLC (GmbH/Sàrl): At least one of the managers with individual signature rights (or two managers with joint signature rights) must be domiciled in Switzerland.
  • For a Ltd (AG/SA): At least one member of the Board of Directors with the right to represent the company must be domiciled in Switzerland.

The solution for foreign founders: If you do not reside in Switzerland, you will need to use the services of a "fiduciary manager" or "fiduciary director". This is a Swiss resident mandated to legally represent you for an annual fee.

3. Transferring capital: The capital payment account trap

To register your company in the Commercial Register, you must prove that the share capital has been paid in. The legal minimum amount is 20,000 CHF for an LLC (fully paid in), and 100,000 CHF for a Ltd (with at least 50,000 CHF paid in at incorporation).

You cannot pay this money directly to a notary. You must open a "capital payment account" (consignment account) with a Swiss bank. Once the funds are received, the bank issues a "deposit certificate," an essential document for the notary to found the company.

The banking trap of transferring from abroad

If you are a non-resident entrepreneur, your starting capital is probably in Euros or another foreign currency in your personal account abroad. Making a direct international transfer to the Swiss consignment account is a costly mistake.

Why? The Swiss bank will receive your foreign currency and force-convert it into Swiss Francs applying its own exchange rate, along with a hidden margin (spread) often between 1.5 percent and 2 percent. On an AG capital (50,000 CHF), you can lose up to 1,000 euros in invisible fees before the first day of business.

The optimized method (The ibani reflex)

To keep your entire seed capital, you must convert your currency into Swiss Francs at the real market rate before the funds arrive in the consignment account.

  • Open an ibani account: We provide you with a Swiss IBAN in your name.
  • Transfer your funds to ibani: We convert your funds at the interbank rate applying a transparent margin (from 0.40 percent).
  • Transfer the exact CHF: Transfer the precise amount in CHF to your future company's consignment account. The notary receives the certificate, and you haven't enriched the bank on the exchange rate.

4. Invoicing and VAT: Rules for young SMEs

Once your independent status is validated or your company is registered, you will issue your first invoices. In Switzerland, the Value Added Tax (VAT) legislation is particularly favorable to startups.

The mandatory registration threshold

A Swiss company (LLC, Ltd, or Sole Proprietorship) is not obligatorily subject to Swiss VAT if its global turnover from taxable services is under 100,000 CHF per year.

How to invoice your clients under this threshold?

If you do not reach this level and have not requested voluntary registration:

  1. Your invoices (for individuals or businesses) must be issued as a Net amount (without adding VAT).
  2. You have the legal obligation to add the following mention on all your invoices for transparency reasons: "Not subject to VAT".
  3. In return, you will not be able to deduct (recover) the VAT on your company's purchases (computer, furniture, services).

Voluntary registration: a strategic choice

Even if your turnover is very low in the first year, it is sometimes strategic to register voluntarily for VAT upon creation. This is particularly true if you make significant initial investments (purchase of machines, stock) because it will allow you to recover the VAT paid on these purchases (input tax). Talk to your accountant!

Calculate the savings on transferring your capital

SELLEUR xxx
xxx BUYEUR
  • Our transfer fees: CHF 0
  • Our exchange margin: 0.50%
  • Final exchange rate: 1.1636
  • You'll save on average maintenant

Frequently Asked Questions (Company Creation)

Yes, as a Sole Proprietorship (independent). If your turnover is under 100,000 CHF, registration in the Commercial Register is not mandatory. However, you must imperatively register with the AHV compensation office to validate your independent status and pay your social contributions.

Yes, it is entirely possible to own all the shares of a Swiss company while living abroad. However, the law requires that at least one manager (for a GmbH/LLC) or one director (for an AG/Ltd) with individual signature rights be domiciled in Switzerland.

You must deposit the funds into a capital payment account in Switzerland. To prevent the bank from taking a heavy exchange margin when converting your foreign currency, it is advisable to convert them via a specialist like ibani, then transfer the exact amount in Swiss francs to the bank.

Ready to register your company?

ibani experts support founders, SMEs, and fiduciaries to optimize their capital transfers and daily cash flows.

Our B2B team, based in Geneva, is at your disposal by email or by phone from Monday to Friday.

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